Bible Study Series: Daniel, Babylon and the End Times
Daniel Chapter 11 Lesson: Antisemitism & a tale of three madmen!
by I Gordon
Welcome! We have been exploring the prophecies in the book of Daniel and saw last time that it took an angel 21 days to reach Daniel after being sent. And why was that? Well, it was because of conflict in the unseen angelic realm. To be specific, a demonic spirit called 'the prince of Persia' resisted this angel from reaching Daniel until Michael, one of the chief princes, came to his aid. So very interesting! Today we shall look at the first part of this message that the angel delivered to Daniel. It is quite a long prophetic chapter so we will focus on some areas more than others. It should also be noted that when Daniel was given this prophecy every part of it concerned the future. Today, it is part history and part future revelation! But such is the detail of the prophecy in this chapter that liberals and critics of the Bible have often cried that it must have been given after the event.1 Oh, how little do they know of the God who can declare the end from the beginning!
Now I've called this message 'Antisemitism & a tale of three madmen' as there are three individuals we'll focus on in this lesson. Two are part of chapter 11 and one is very familiar (and hated) to those of our grandparents generation. The three madmen are of course, Antiochus Epiphanes, Adolf Hitler, and a third man who has not arrived on the scene yet, but he is generally known as 'the antichrist'. So here is what we will focus on:
- Antiochus Epiphanes: Who is this one that has been called the Antichrist of the Old Testament?
- The modern day equivalent - what made Hitler so successful and why did he so hate the Jews?
- The Antichrist - this passage gives some of the clearest descriptions on the Antichrist's power and ways in the whole of scripture. What does it show us and what is mysterious about his end?
Future world history in advance
Dan 11:1-4 And in the first year of Darius the Mede, I took my stand to support and protect him. (2) Now then, I tell you the truth: Three more kings will appear in Persia, and then a fourth, who will be far richer than all the others. When he has gained power by his wealth, he will stir up everyone against the kingdom of Greece. (3) Then a mighty king will appear, who will rule with great power and do as he pleases. (4) After he has appeared, his empire will be broken up and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven. It will not go to his descendants, nor will it have the power he exercised, because his empire will be uprooted and given to others.
The speaker here is the angel that came to Daniel and obviously carries on directly from the events of the previous chapter. In the early part of this revelation, the angel outlines the future history for the Medo-Persian Empire and the Grecian Empire. He specifically says that four kings will come forth in Persia. These are known in history as Cambyses, Pseudo-Smerdis, Darius I (Hystaspes), and Xerxes I (Ahasuerus). You may have heard of the last one, Xerxes I (Ahasuerus), who is said here to be far richer than the others. If you know the story of Esther, who became queen in Persia, you will remember that Ahasuerus ruled at that time.
Est 1:1-4 This is what happened during the time of Xerxes, the Xerxes who ruled over 127 provinces stretching from India to Cush: (2) At that time King Xerxes reigned from his royal throne in the citadel of Susa, (3) and in the third year of his reign he gave a banquet for all his nobles and officials. The military leaders of Persia and Media, the princes, and the nobles of the provinces were present. (4) For a full 180 days he displayed the vast wealth of his kingdom and the splendor and glory of his majesty.
This was Xerxes the Great, king of Persia, who was indeed fabulously rich as the prophet was told, and became strong through his riches, stirring up the kingdom of Greece. It was the raids which the Persians made against the Greeks under Xerxes which inflamed Greece and created an immediate response to the call of Alexander the Great for war against the Persians.
Ray Stedman
The angel's message then focuses on the Grecian Empire as the power shifts from East to West. The kingdom of Greece would take over from Persia as the dominant kingdom led by their mighty king, Alexander the Great. Yet you will note that the angel declares that 'after he has appeared, his empire will be broken up and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven.' This indicates that this king would not rule for long and history records that Alexander died at the not so ripe old age of 32. The angel also said that his kingdom would 'not go to his descendants' and this is exactly what happened. His two sons were murdered and his kingdom was instead divided between his four generals. This is what the prophecy above means when it says that his (Alexander the Great's) empire will be divided and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven. As noted in the Bible Knowledge Commentary:
'After Alexander's death, his kingdom was divided among his four generals (cf. 8:22): Seleucus (over Syria and Mesopotamia), Ptolemy (over Egypt), Lysimacus (over Thrace and portions of Asia Minor), and Cassander (over Macedonia and Greece). This division was anticipated through the four heads of the leopard (Dan 7:6) and the four prominent horns on the goat (Dan 8:8).'
Now verses 5-20 of Daniel 11 outline the continued conflict between the Ptolemies (who ruled Egypt 'the king of the South') and the Seleucids (who ruled Syria 'the king of the North'). While it was all future prophecy when first delivered to Daniel, it is now past history covering the period 323BC - 176BC. This is an incredibly detailed prophecy of the events of this time. I am not going to focus on this section but for those interested I will include some notes in the footnotes.2 What I do want to do is focus on the introduction of a new king in verse 21 as he is a very interesting character who is arguably the greatest type of the coming Antichrist in scripture.
Antiochus Epiphanes: The Antichrist of the Old Testament
Dan 11:21-24 He will be succeeded by a contemptible person who has not been given the honor of royalty. He will invade the kingdom when its people feel secure, and he will seize it through intrigue. (22) Then an overwhelming army will be swept away before him; both it and a prince of the covenant will be destroyed. (23) After coming to an agreement with him, he will act deceitfully, and with only a few people he will rise to power. (24) When the richest provinces feel secure, he will invade them and will achieve what neither his fathers nor his forefathers did. He will distribute plunder, loot and wealth among his followers. He will plot the overthrow of fortresses--but only for a time.
These verses introduce the person that as mentioned, is the biggest type of the coming antichrist that there is in scripture.3 In fact he is often called the Antichrist of the Old Testament. We were first introduced to him as the "little horn" in Daniel 8. His name is Antiochus Epiphanes and as the angel declared in advance, he was to be 'a contemptible person'. That is God's view of him and heaven has seen a lot of evil men, so that is saying something! Other translations say he is 'a despicable person' (NASB) or 'a vile person' (NKJV). Again, this is heaven's assessment of this man. Antiochus came to power in the Syrian branch of the Greek empire in 175 BC and as scripture says he was not 'given the honor of royalty'. No... he took it.
The throne rightly belonged to Demetrius Soter, a son of Seleucus IV Philopator, but Antiochus IV Epiphanes seized the throne and had himself proclaimed king. Thus he did not come to the throne by rightful succession; he seized it through intrigue.
Bible Knowledge Commentary
By all accounts Antiochus had quite a high opinion of himself. In fact, he even had a special name that he liked to be called - 'theos epiphanies' which means 'God made manifest'. Does that remind you of anyone still to come who will literally declare himself to be God manifest? Although his contemporaries had their own name for him... They didn't call him 'Epiphanes' but 'Epimanes' which means 'the madman'! Although I have a feeling they only said that behind his back! As a little side note, isn't it funny that even 2200 years ago people were changing someone's name slightly to mock and ridicule them! Truly there is nothing new under the sun! We see from the verses above that he rose to the throne through 'intrigue' taking it through a mixture of force and deception. You see, he would speak peace and when the provinces felt safe and secure he would invade. And as I mentioned earlier, take special note of the actions of this character for they point to a coming world leader in the last days who will also speak peace before unleashing destruction.
Time to take it out on the Jews....
Dan 11:29-35 At the appointed time he will invade the South again, but this time the outcome will be different from what it was before. (30) Ships of the western coastlands will oppose him, and he will lose heart. Then he will turn back and vent his fury against the holy covenant. He will return and show favor to those who forsake the holy covenant. (31) His armed forces will rise up to desecrate the temple fortress and will abolish the daily sacrifice. Then they will set up the abomination that causes desolation. (32) With flattery he will corrupt those who have violated the covenant, but the people who know their God will firmly resist him. (33) Those who are wise will instruct many, though for a time they will fall by the sword or be burned or captured or plundered. (34) When they fall, they will receive a little help, and many who are not sincere will join them. (35) Some of the wise will stumble, so that they may be refined, purified and made spotless until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.
The angel then declares that his invasion of the south (Egypt) will not go as well as it had previously for ships of the Western Coastland will come against him. That is, as history records, Egypt was helped by Rome (western coastlands). So in the face of a humiliating defeat, a furious Antiochus again turns his attention to the 'whipping boys' - the Jews. Yes, antisemitism was alive and well right back then!
Despite Jewish Americans making up just 2% of the U.S. population, reported single-bias anti-Jewish hate crimes made up... 68% of all reported religion-based hate crimes.' Shockingly, they go on to state 'According to ADL, surveys show that “anti-Jewish sentiments are at an all-time high globally.” A report published in January 2025 found that 46% of the world's adult population “harbors deeply entrenched antisemitic attitudes,” equating to an estimated 2.2 billion people worldwide.'
And unfortunately, the believer who understands prophecy knows this will only increase in these last days. As the spirit of antichrist increases, this all ends with the time of Jacob's trouble and all nations coming against Israel. Actually, that isn't how it ends. It ends with the return of Jesus Christ to protect and deliver His Jewish people, and to judge the nations based on what they did to them (Joel 3:1-3, 12-16)
So jumping back to our text, what did an angry antisemitic Antiochus Epiphanes do at this time? History records that he ordered his troops to stamp out every trace of Judaism and anyone found worshiping the God of Israel was to be put to death. The sacrifices were stopped. The Jewish scriptures were burnt. Their temple was desecrated as he ordered an altar dedicated to Zeus to be erected and a pig sacrificed to the Greek gods right in the temple. This act is that mentioned above as the 'abomination of desolation' and it gives us a picture of the coming abomination that Jesus said will shortly precede His return at the end of the age (Matt 24:15), where the coming world leader will place himself in the Jewish temple declaring worship of himself as God (2 Thes 2:3-4).
Now does this hatred and persecution of the Jews, though initially veiled through deceptive speech, sound familiar? It should do for again, it typifies the antisemitic spirit, so frequent throughout history, that has tried to wipe out the Jewish race. Our parents and grandparents' generation saw such a man as Antiochus. Adolf Hitler was known as a man whose speeches could stir and change the entire nation. He reveled in his ability to deceive and gave speeches about his desire for peace while privately preparing for war. In has been recorded that Hitler believed in lies. Specifically, he believed in 'the big lie' saying 'the magnitude of a lie always contains a certain factor of credibility since the masses more easily fall victim to a big lie than a small one.'
Hitler was also heavily into the occult and his rise was, like the coming antichrist, satanically empowered. It was startling. Winston Churchill actually observed Hitler and said his accomplishments were among the most remarkable in the whole history of the world. Hitler revived the collapsed German economy in 5 years. He established training schools and brought the nation to full employment. One historian even noted that had he died before WWII he would have gone down as 'Adolf the great - one of the outstanding figures in German history'.
But, as we know, he had other plans! The coming antichrist will be fashioned from the same satanic mold. His claims will be so outrageous people will think they must be true. He will use peace initially to deceive and gain power. But ultimately, like Hitler and Antiochus Epiphanes before him, his deceptive mask will be removed and shown as pure evil as he tries once again to destroy the Jewish race. And spoiler alert - thanks to God, he will fail!
Getting back to our passage, notice also that during this time of persecution in the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes, 'those who know their God will display strength and take action' (vs 32 NASB). It is always the way. This was historically fulfilled in the revolt of Judas Maccabees as recorded in the apocryphal books of 1st and 2nd Maccabees. This period is described by the Bible Knowledge Commentary:
'The Jews who refused to submit to Antiochus' false religious system were persecuted and martyred for their faith. The word fall (Dan 11:33-34), literally 'stumble' (kāšal), refers to severe suffering on the part of many and death for others. This has in view the rise of the Maccabean revolt. Mattathias, a priest, was the father of five sons. (One of them, Judas, became well known for refurbishing and restoring the temple in late 164 b.c. He was called Judas Maccabeus, 'the Hammerer.') In 166, Mattathias refused to submit to this false religious system. He and his sons fled from Jerusalem to the mountains and began the Maccabean revolt. At first only a few Jews joined them. But as their movement became popular, many joined them, some out of sincere motives and some from false motives. The suffering that the faithful endured served to refine and purify them. This time of persecution was of short duration. It had previously been revealed to Daniel that the temple would be desecrated for 1,150 days ( Dan_8:14). Here Daniel was assured that this persecution would run its course and then be lifted, for its end will still come at the appointed time.'
Now while verses 21-35 can be proven historically, most scholars agree that verses 36-45 have not occurred yet! You will note that verse 35 speaks of the Jews being 'refined, purified and made spotless until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.' Thus it jumps in time right to the very end (of whom this invasion by Antiochus Epiphanes was but a type). Both Christian and Jewish teachers have been convinced that the king spoken of from verse 36 onwards is someone yet to arise on planet Earth!4 So let's have a look at this coming one.
The Antichrist of the End Times
Dan 11:36-37 "Then the king will do as he pleases, and he will exalt and magnify himself above every god and will speak monstrous things against the God of gods; and he will prosper until the indignation is finished, for that which is decreed will be done. (37) "He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers or for the desire of women, nor will he show regard for any other god; for he will magnify himself above them all.
The first thing we see about the coming antichrist is that 'he will do as he pleases'. That is, he will be an absolute dictator. Daniel 7:25 told us that he would 'make alterations in times and in law' and you can be assured that will all be in accordance with anything he wants to do. Now that doesn't mean that there won't be opposition or conflict. Far from it... especially as he arises. But by the midpoint of the Tribulation no one will be able to stop him! In the words of Revelation 'the whole world was astonished and followed the beast. Men worshiped the dragon because he had given authority to the beast, and they also worshiped the beast and asked, 'Who is like the beast? Who can make war against him?' This coming king will recognize no rule or authority either in heaven or on earth but will exalt himself above every god and will embody and seek to establish Satan's long held desire to 'be like the Most High' (Isaiah 14:14) In doing so he will speak out with all sorts of blasphemy against the true God.
Many in our day, as they see the rise of Islam, wonder whether the coming Antichrist will be a Muslim. I don't believe this to be true for it doesn't fit the scriptures. We see in this passage that the coming Antichrist will show no regard for the god of his fathers, nor will he show regard for any god. Islam worships Allah alone and their main tenant of the faith is that there is 'one God who is Allah and his prophet is Muhammad'. But this and other passages tell us that the coming antichrist recognizes no god at all... He only exalts himself! He will be egotistical, not religious (although he will use religion for a time until he directs all worship unto himself). It also says he will have no regard for the desire of women. While some have taken this to mean that he is homosexual, it is better understood as a Jewish idiom speaking of the Messiah. The one desired by women is a Jewish reference to the Messiah. The antichrist will have no desire for God, the Messiah Jesus or any other so-called 'god' for that matter. In his mind the only one worth worshiping is himself.
Dan 11:38-39 Instead of them, he will honor a god of fortresses; a god unknown to his fathers he will honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and costly gifts. (39) He will attack the mightiest fortresses with the help of a foreign god and will greatly honor those who acknowledge him. He will make them rulers over many people and will distribute the land at a price.
Outwardly, the antichrist's 'god' will be warfare. That is who he will worship, honor and trust. He will place his trust in his military strength and promote war. And he will be successful because behind the scenes he shall be helped by a 'foreign god'. As we saw earlier, this was also the means of Hitler's success. Revelation tells us that 'the dragon (Satan) gave the beast (Antichrist) his power and his throne and great authority.' The coming antichrist will be completely satanically empowered. As the Apostle Paul noted, he will be 'the one whose coming is in accord with the activity of Satan, with all power and signs and false wonders, and with all the deception of wickedness for those who perish, because they did not receive the love of the truth so as to be saved.' (2 Thes 2:9-10) Note also that from Daniel we see (like some of our politicians today!) that the antichrist will not be above buying off and rewarding those that fall into line for we read that he will 'greatly honor those who acknowledge him'.
An early end for the Antichrist?
Dan 11:40-45 At the time of the end the king of the South will engage him in battle, and the king of the North will storm out against him with chariots and cavalry and a great fleet of ships. He will invade many countries and sweep through them like a flood. (41) He will also invade the Beautiful Land. Many countries will fall, but Edom, Moab and the leaders of Ammon will be delivered from his hand. (42) He will extend his power over many countries; Egypt will not escape. (43) He will gain control of the treasures of gold and silver and all the riches of Egypt, with the Libyans and Nubians in submission. (44) But reports from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will set out in a great rage to destroy and annihilate many. (45) He will pitch his royal tents between the seas at the beautiful holy mountain. Yet he will come to his end, and no one will help him.
As we see from the verses above, the antichrist's rise to power is not without conflict. Not everyone is initially willing to fall into line with a new world ruler and we read of both the king of the north and the south engaging in warfare against him. This will lead to an invasion of Israel (the 'beautiful land') and many countries will be taken by force. Edom, Moab and Ammon (modern day Jordan) are delivered from his hand however as this seems to be the area that God sets aside for the Jews to flee to for protection during the tribulation.5
We also read above that he will pitch his tent between the seas and the beautiful holy mountain. That is, between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean Sea at Jerusalem. In a vain attempt to pose as Christ, the Antichrist will set up his headquarters in Jerusalem, the same city from which Christ will rule the world in the Millennium. Yet this imposter will come to his end. The Lord will see to that!
Rev 19:19-20 Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered together to make war against the rider on the horse and his army. But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet... The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.
2 Thes 2:8 '...the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will overthrow with the breath of his mouth and destroy by the splendor of his coming.'
Now, before concluding let me just state one more interesting possibility concerning the 'end' of the antichrist stated here in verse 45. You see there is an alternative ending, different to the norm, which I go along with. Most believe that when it says 'he will come to his end, and no one will help him', that this is speaking about the defeat of the Antichrist at the end of the tribulation when Christ returns. There are others however, including Jewish Messianic Scholar Dr Arnold Fruchtenbaum, that believe the events of verses 40-45 lead up to the mid-point of the tribulation. And this is definitely worth thinking about. One reason that some believe this occurs at the midpoint of the tribulation is that Jesus quoted the next verse, Daniel 12:1, as the great tribulation which takes place in the 2nd half of the 7 year tribulation. Also, just reading straight through to the next verse at the start of chapter 12, it says 'At that time Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise.' So Michael arises at the time of the Antichrist's end? It doesn't make sense that Michael arises to protect Israel at the return of Jesus when the Antichrist is completely destroyed. But it makes perfect sense that he arises to protect Israel at the midpoint of the Tribulation, the time of Jacob's trouble!
So if Dan 11:45 is speaking about the midpoint of the tribulation, and the Antichrist comes to an end at this time, how can he still be around to ultimately be defeated at the coming of Jesus at the end of the tribulation? Good question! One belief and possible way is that the Antichrist, who forever tries to counterfeit Christ, will be resurrected from the dead. The book of Revelation provides support for this:
Revelation 13:3 One of the heads of the beast seemed to have had a fatal wound, but the fatal wound had been healed. The whole world was astonished and followed the beast.
You will note here that he is said to have a 'fatal wound' but it is healed and it is this very event that causes the whole world to be astonished and follow him! This is repeated in subsequent verses:
Revelation 13:11-12 Then I saw another beast, coming out of the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, but he spoke like a dragon. (12) He exercised all the authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed.
Revelation 13:14 And he deceives those who dwell on the earth because of the signs which it was given him to perform in the presence of the beast, telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast who had the wound of the sword and has come to life.
And concerning 'the wound of the sword' it is also worth noting that the only physical description we have of the Antichrist in scripture is from Zechariah which says that a sword will strike him and his right eye will be totally blinded (Zech 11:12-17). Again, another pointer to some fatal wound that he will receive at some stage. And as I said, it would be just like the enemy to try and mimic the miraculous life of the Lord Jesus, including some type of resurrection!
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have seen that the spirit of antisemitism that is rising in the world today, is not new. Antiochus Epiphanes hated and persecuted the Jews, trying to destroy every trace of Judaism and worship of the true God from the land. In doing so he expressed the thoughts and hatred of the 'god of this world' who has always opposed that which God chooses and loves. In like manner, it is not strange that a demon possessed Hitler hated, persecuted and tried to destroy every trace of the Jews as well. In killing over 6 million Jews he got one third of the way to achieving his satanic goal. Yet as bad as both of these men were, they are still only small glimpse of the coming world leader. Both Daniel and Jesus stated that this period of time coming will involve distress and tribulation on a scale that had never been experienced before. Zechariah prophesied that during this time two thirds of the Jews will be killed (Zech 13:8). And yet this coming world leader is only given power for a limited time and the real King of kings, the real coming world leader, will return and set up his kingdom. And the remaining one-third of the Jews in the land will be brought through the fire of the tribulation and will be refined, holy unto the Lord.
And as I have said many times, you only have to turn on the news to see the increased hatred of Israel and the Jews in this day in which we live. They are the focus, as the Bible declares for the last days, and all these prophecies will come to pass. So how should we live in view of such things? Well, that will be the focus of the next study as we look at the last chapter in this wonderful book of Daniel the prophet.
Blessings!
FOOTNOTES
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Scholars range all the way from the sixth century to the second century B.C. in dating Daniel. Liberals and their admirers nearly all date the book in its present form as being from the Maccabean era. They generally view it as an attempt to encourage the Jews during the horrible anti-Semitic excesses of Antiochus Epiphanes. Those who believe that God can inspire not only general prophecies of kingdoms not as yet well-known (Greece and Rome) but also minute details of the Grecian period several centuries before they happen (chap. 11), have no trouble accepting the conservative teaching that Daniel wrote his prophecy in the sixth century, probably about 530 B.C.
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William MacDonald in the Believers Bible Commentary sums up verses 5-20 writing:
'11:5, 6 Verses 5-35 describe warfare lasting about two centuries between these latter two kingdoms. The first king of the South was Ptolemy I, and the one who shall gain power over him was Seleucus I of Syria. These two were allies at first, then antagonists. Later Berenice, the daughter of Ptolemy II, married Antiochus II, king of Syria, to bring rapprochement between the two nations, but the strategem failed in a torrent of intrigue and murder.
11:7-9 Ptolemy III, a brother of Berenice, successfully attacked the realm of Seleucus Callinicus, returning to Egypt with captives and great spoil. Two years later Seleucus launched an unsuccessful attack against Egypt.
11:10-17 His sons proved to be more successful, especially Antiochus III. Verses 10-20 describe how the tide of battle seesawed between the North and the South. Verse 17b tells how Antiochus III made a pact with Egypt, giving his daughter Cleopatra (not the famous - or notorious - queen of Egypt) in marriage to Ptolemy V, but she defected to side with Egypt.
11:18-20 When Antiochus III attempted to conquer Greece, he was defeated by the Romans at Thermopylae and Magnesia, and returned to his own land to die in an insurrection. His successor, Seleucus Philopater, became infamous for his oppressive taxes on the glorious kingdom, Israel. He died mysteriously, perhaps by poisoning.' " -
I say in scripture because there is another in modern history that competes with Antiochus Epiphanes as the biggest type of the coming antichrist. That person's name is Adolf and probably needs no introduction. More on him later!
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Apart from the obvious fact that verses 36-45 have not occurred in history, there is also a clue in the text itself when it speaks of purging and refining that 'until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.' It seems that heaven is thinking of far more than just what happens in the days of the Maccabean revolt. So verse 35 takes us right through to the time of the end and then verse 36 introduces a new king that will come at the time of the end. This king is the coming Antichrist.
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Revelation 12:14 tells us that God has prepared a place for the Women (Israel) to flee to when the persecution from the Dragon (Satan) begins. Jesus told those in Judea to flee straight away to the mountains when they see the Abomination of Desolation (Matt 24:15). But where do they go? Micah 2:12 tells us that God will assemble the remnant of Israel to Bozrah (which is Petra in modern day Jordan): 'I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah, as the flock in the midst of their fold: they shall make great noise by reason of the multitude of men.' KJV) We also know that when Jesus returns He will come and fight the armies that are intent on destroying the nation of Israel. And where does He go? That's right - Bozrah because that is where the Jews who have fled Israel are hiding. It seems that He begins in Bozrah and from there moves back to Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives. (See Isaiah 63:1-6, Zech 14:1-4)
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